{"id":4930,"date":"2025-12-14T19:12:21","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T18:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/?p=4930"},"modified":"2025-12-15T07:34:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T06:34:35","slug":"les-premiers-vols-controles-et-motorises-de-lhistoire-de-laviation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/les-premiers-vols-controles-et-motorises-de-lhistoire-de-laviation\/","title":{"rendered":"LES PREMIERS VOLS CONTR\u00d4L\u00c9S ET MOTORIS\u00c9S DE L&rsquo;HISTOIRE DE L&rsquo;AVIATION"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le 17 d\u00e9cembre 1903 est une date majeure dans l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;a\u00e9ronautique. Ce jour voit la r\u00e9alisation des premiers vols motoris\u00e9s et contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par un avion. Ils sont l&rsquo;oeuvre des Am\u00e9ricains <strong>Orville et Wilbur Wright<\/strong>, \u00e0 bord de leur appareil baptis\u00e9 <strong>Flyer<\/strong>, \u00e0 Kitty Hawk, en Caroline du Nord (Etats-Unis).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s un premier essai infructueux de Wilbur le 14 d\u00e9cembre 1903, les fr\u00e8res Wright effectuent, le 17 d\u00e9cembre, 4 vols motoris\u00e9s en ligne droite sur des distances de 30 \u00e0 260 m\u00e8tres, \u00e0 3 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <em><strong>Flyer<\/strong><\/em> est un biplan \u00e0 configuration canard, la gouverne de profondeur \u00e9tant le plan avant. Le pilote est allong\u00e9 sur le ventre au niveau de l&rsquo;aile inf\u00e9rieure. Il contr\u00f4le l&rsquo;inclinaison et la direction en se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant lat\u00e9ralement dans un berceau fix\u00e9 \u00e0 ses hanches. Le moteur, mis au point par les fr\u00e8res Wright, d\u00e9veloppe une puissance de 12 ch. L&rsquo;appareil est d\u00e9pourvu de roues : il repose sur des patins et glisse sur un rail de lancement de 18 m\u00e8tres de long dispos\u00e9 face au vent.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wright-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4931\" style=\"width:843px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wright-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wright-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wright-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-content\/uploads\/Wright.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 17 d\u00e9cembre 1903 est une date majeure dans l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;a\u00e9ronautique. Ce jour voit la r\u00e9alisation des premiers vols motoris\u00e9s et contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par un avion&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":4936,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4930"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4930"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4941,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4930\/revisions\/4941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ac-nancy-metz.fr\/ciras\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}